State of Jet Grouting in Russia

State of Jet Grouting in Russia

The rapid construction of subways, tunnels, and high-rise structures in Russia over the past ten years has led to the widespread application of jet grouting technology in numerous projects, furthering the technology's advancement. An engineering technique resembling RJP has also been employed in addition to the single, double, and triple pipe approaches.
From 20 to 30 meters, the treatment depth has expanded to about 50 meters. The development of a water insulating curtain and foundation reinforcement are the primary goals of applying jet grouting technology in the projects mentioned above. Since Russia's soil layers are solid, using jet grouting technology to create vertical or horizontal water-repellent bodies of various depths and thicknesses has emerged as a key strategy for achieving this goal.

Russian landscapes

Russia's terrain is characterized by plains and plateaus. The terrain is high in the south and low in the north, low in the west, and high in the east.
The western part of the country is almost entirely covered by the plains of Eastern Europe, while to the east are the Ural Mountains, the West Siberian Plain, the Central Siberian Plateau, the North Siberian Lowlands, the East Siberian Mountains, and the Pacific Coast Mountains. The Great Caucasus Mountains rise in the southwest, and the highest peak, Mount Elbrus, is 5,642 meters above sea level.

Most of Russia is in the northern temperate zone with a diverse climate, dominated by a temperate continental climate, but north of the Arctic Circle belongs to the boreal climate. Temperature differences are generally large, with an average temperature of -18℃ to -10℃ in January and 11 to 27℃ in July. The average annual precipitation is 150~1000 mm. The Siberian region has high latitude, with severe and long winters, but long sunshine hours in summer and suitable temperature and humidity for the growth of coniferous forests.

Current status of Russian drilling rig development

As high-rise buildings and municipal construction have grown quickly in Russia during the past 10 years, so has the creation of underground infrastructure including metro stations, tunnels, and high-rise building basements. The ground must be improved to prevent concerns with Russia's soil's permeability and fragility in order to assure safe and timely construction.

In subsurface engineering, strengthening the soil and reducing water permeability in the soil layers are the two main objectives of jet grouting. To ensure the safety of the foundation pit and protect nearby structures and underground pipes, the safety of metro and tunnels, or occasionally developing soil-retaining structures, an increase in soil strength can also reduce the deformation of the soil during the excavation.
In order to prevent quicksand and piping and to maintain the safety of foundation pits, jet grouting primarily forms a water insulation curtain to minimize the water permeability of the soil.

In Russia, jet grouting is increasingly used as a key ground improvement technique. Jet grouting has to be evolved into a technology that can adapt to the increasing amount and complexity of underground engineering.